Stepwise inversion of a groundwater flow model with multi-scale observation data

Based on the regional hydrogeology and the stratigraphy beneath the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) site, New Mexico (USA), a site-scale groundwater model has been built with more than 20 stratified hydrofacies. A stepwise inverse method was developed to estimate permeabilities for these hydrofacies by coupling observation data from different sources and at various spatial scales including single-well test, multiple-well pumping test and regional aquifer monitoring data. Statistical analyses of outcrop permeability measurements and single-well test results were used to define the prior distributions of the parameters. These distributions were used to define the parameter initial values and the lower and upper bounds for inverse modeling. A number of inverse modeling steps were performed including the use of drawdown data from the pump tests at two wells (PM-2 and PM-4) separately, and a joint inversion coupling PM-2 and PM-4 pump test data and head data from regional aquifer monitoring. Parameter sensitivity coefficients for different data sets were computed to analyze if the model parameters can be estimated accurately with the data provided at different steps. The joint inversion offers a reasonable fit to all data sets. The uncertainty of estimated parameters for the hydrofacies is addressed with the parameter confidence intervals.     

川东北地区嘉陵江组二段沉积相特征研究

对岩心、薄片和测井资料及川东北地区下三叠统嘉陵江组二段的岩石类型、古生物化石、沉积结构、沉积构造等沉积相标志的分析认为,嘉陵江组二段为局限台地相和蒸发台地相沉积环境,具有台坪相、潮坪相及粒屑滩等亚相特征.包含白云岩坪、石灰岩坪、云膏坪、膏云坪及砂屑滩等沉积微相.嘉陵江组二段由下至上经历了从潮上蒸发环境(蒸发潮坪)到潮下...     

面向在线服务的地理框架数据体系构建

分析了在线服务对地理信息的需求,阐述了面向在线服务的地理框架数据体系构建技术实现方法,设计了适应多源数据协同服务的数据集成方式和满足多样化应用需求的地理框架数据内容构成与建模方法,并说明了其在国家地理信息公共服务平台公众版"天地图"中的应用。     

地质雷达在岩溶地区岩土工程勘察中的应用

安徽省沿江及皖南一带石灰岩分布广泛,岩溶发育,由于岩溶溶洞具有隐伏性强、空间分布规律性差、岩溶塌陷难以预测等特点,因此岩溶区岩土工程勘察必需查清岩溶发育规律。本文结合铜陵一带岩溶区岩土工程勘察中几个实例,阐述在岩溶发育区,采用地质雷达结合钻探综合勘察方法,高效准确查清构筑物基础范围内岩溶溶洞发育情况,提高岩溶区勘察效益和勘察进度。     

面向在线服务的地理框架数据体系构建

分析了在线服务对地理信息的需求,阐述了面向在线服务的地理框架数据体系构建技术实现方法,设计了适应多源数据协同服务的数据集成方式和满足多样化应用需求的地理框架数据内容构成与建模方法,并说明了其在国家地理信息公共服务平台公众版＂天地图＂中的应用。     

基于AFM表征的页岩孔隙特征及其与解析气量关系

页岩储层的孔隙结构影响着页岩气的储集特性。为了较为真实地反映样品表面孔隙三维结构,著者选用原子力显微镜研究页岩微-纳米孔隙特征。以重庆市涪陵地区焦页1井（JY1）和渝参4井（YC4）典型样品为研究对象,用原子力显微镜表征岩样的微观结构,获取岩样的三维形貌图,分析岩样的孔隙分布特征和储集空间特征,构建代表岩样孔隙特征的参数。分别比较相同井号不同井段之间的特征参数差异和不同井号之间的特征参数差异,从而定量描述岩样的形貌特征。结合样品提取现场解析气量数据,建立JY1、YC4样品的解析气量与特征参数之间的关系。结果表明：JY1样品的储集空间密集,孔隙占的空间相对多,其微观结构更有利于气体的吸附和储集;结合两口井取心现场解析页岩气量分析发现,JY1、YC4样品的空间起伏度FDI与现场解析气量均呈现正相关关系。     

塔中83井区表生岩溶缝洞体系中油气的差异运聚作用

叠合盆地海相碳酸盐岩介质油气运聚机理是油气勘探必须解决的关键科学问题之一,选择代表性储层介质进行系统油气运聚作用分析有利于为解决这一关键科学问题提供范例。塔中83井区鹰山组储层是典型的表生岩溶缝洞体系储层,油气主要分布在岩溶体系的水平潜流带中,油水关系复杂,油水界面倾斜。本区原油和天然气性质参数在NE向断层与NW向断层的交汇部位异常高,而随着远离断层交汇部位逐渐降低,并顺构造脊有规律的降低,说明断层交汇部位是本区油气的注入点,而油气运移的主输导通道沿本区的鼻状构造展布。这一认识为系统分析表生岩溶缝洞体系油气运聚机理奠定了地质基础。基于碳酸盐岩表生岩溶的相关研究成果,建立了表生岩溶缝洞体系的基本模型。在分析油气在表生岩溶缝洞体系运聚过程的基础上,认为复杂缝洞体系中油气的差异运聚原理是产生这种现象的关键。油气运移过程受储层含水程度控制,油气总是首先将临近充注点的孔隙或缝洞充满后,才能继续向远处运移,并沿油气运移路径顺次充满远处的孔洞缝体系。所形成的油气水分布规律受储层含水程度,储层中能导致油气侧向运移的侧向联通通道、局部缝洞单元与侧向联通通道的关系及其油气溢出点和晚期气侵强度的联合控制。岩溶缝洞体系中油气运聚过程及其所形成的油气分布规律对叠合盆地下构造层碳酸盐岩油气勘探具有重要的启发,油气勘探不仅要通过地球物理方法识别优质储层发育的部位,还应该尽量描述优质储层的孔洞缝结构,结合油气运移方向和主输导通道的空间展布规律指导油气勘探。     

Multi-tracer investigation of river and groundwater interactions: a case study in Nalenggele River basin,northwest China

Environmental tracers (such as major ions, stable and radiogenic isotopes, and heat) monitored in natural waters provide valuable information for understanding the processes of river–groundwater interactions in arid areas. An integrated framework is presented for interpreting multi-tracer data (major ions, stable isotopes (²H, ¹⁸O), the radioactive isotope ²²²Rn, and heat) for delineating the river–groundwater interactions in Nalenggele River basin, northwest China. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were undertaken to estimate the bidirectional water exchange associated with small-scale interactions between groundwater and surface water. Along the river stretch, groundwater and river water exchange readily. From the high mountain zone to the alluvial fan, groundwater discharge to the river is detected by tracer methods and end-member mixing models, but the river has also been identified as a losing river using discharge measurements, i.e. discharge is bidirectional. On the delta-front of the alluvial fan and in the alluvial plain, in the downstream area, the characteristics of total dissolved solids values, ²²²Rn concentrations and δ¹⁸O values in the surface water, and patterns derived from a heat-tracing method, indicate that groundwater discharges into the river. With the environmental tracers, the processes of river–groundwater interaction have been identified in detail for better understanding of overall hydrogeological processes and of the impacts on water allocation policies.     

物理模拟实验在天然气成藏研究中的应用--以柴达木盆地北缘南八仙和马海气田成藏过程为例

物理实验模拟是研究油气运移和聚集的重要手段和方法。而天然气物理模拟实验则是一个研究相对不足而又非常重要的领域,它的操作和完善可以大大促进我国西部天然气勘探,直接影响着西气东输的国策。本文正是涉及这个领域,选取柴北缘马海、南八仙气田作为研究对象,模拟了其成藏模式,认为在西部前陆盆地天然气成藏过程中断层与不整合及输导层相比,一般是优势通道;而南八仙凝析气田的形成具有差异聚集的特点,即下盘聚气而上盘不聚气,这种现象是由多种原因造成的,包括断层本身的非均质性、圈闭幅度不足及通天断层的存在等。